DISCUSSION: You’ll want to justify your answer using the passage. These questions almost always have a line reference that lets you prove an answer is correct, with 100% certainty.
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- CORRECT. See the fourth paragraph. Speke showed that Calvaria major seeds can germinate even if they haven’t been abraded by bird gizzards.
- The second-to-last sentence of the fourth paragraph contradicts this. Turkey gizzards destroyed many of the seeds.
- The second-to-last sentence of the fourth paragraph indicates that turkey gizzards could abrade Calvaria major seeds. This suggest dodos could also have abraded Calvaria major seeds.
- Very tricky. Paragraph 2 shows that Temple hypothesized that Dodos commonly ate the Calvaria major fruit.He had no proof for this idea. How could he? The dodo is extinct. And he didn’t find any Calvaria major pits inside dead dodos.Temple’s theory was just that: a theory. He didn’t prove that dodos had anything to do with Calvaria major trees!
- The passage never mentioned natural forces that could abrade the pits of Calvaria major seeds. This answer is a wild goose chase.

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For answer E, aren’t “disease and damage done by certain nonindigenous animals” things that could be considered “natural environmental forces”?