QUESTION TEXT: Problems caused by the leaching of pollutants from dumps and…
QUESTION TYPE: Necessary Assumption
CONCLUSION: Country X will probably have fewer leaching problems in the next few years.
REASONING: Country X has a per capita income of $5,000. Leaching problems are worst in countries with incomes between $4000-5000. Past $5000, countries have enough industrial development to afford to clean up the problems.
ANALYSIS: The argument says that you start non-industrial and non-polluted. Then you become industrial and polluted. Then you get rich enough from industrialization to clean up the pollution.
The argument is assuming that country X will keep getting richer and more industrialized. Otherwise country X may not be able to clean up the pollution.
___________
- We don’t know why leaching problems disappear above $5000. We just know they do disappear, for some reason.
- This sounds tempting. Other countries can pollute country X. But think about it: suppose those countries keep polluting, but country X pollutes less. There will still be pollution in country X, but there will be less.
- CORRECT. If this isn’t true, then country X may not have the resources to clean up pollution.
(If this sounds abstract, think of it this way: the argument assumes that country X will get richer in the next few years.) - Country X already began industrializing: that’s why it’s polluted. Countries that are poor and haven’t industrialized are less polluted.
- What does it matter if other countries are as polluted as country X? We don’t care about them. We only care about what happens to country X.
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